: Official versions can be installed through campus networks using tools like the South Dakota Mines installation guide
To understand the cracking behavior of aspen, it is essential to examine its physical properties. Aspen wood has a relatively low density, ranging from 0.35 to 0.45 g/cm³, and a high moisture content, typically between 30% to 50%. The wood's cellular structure, comprising mainly of parenchyma cells, vessels, and fibers, contributes to its anisotropic behavior. The anisotropic nature of aspen wood, combined with its low density and high moisture content, makes it prone to cracking. aspen crack better