Selection of Personnel: Governments often try to appoint managers who are ideologically aligned with the policy to ensure enthusiastic execution.Incentives: Using rewards or sanctions to align the implementers' personal interests with the policy’s goals can mitigate resistance. Bureaucratic Structure
The gap between a policy’s legislative approval and its actual impact on society is often referred to as the "implementation gap." In the field of public administration, few scholars have analyzed this space as effectively as George C. Edwards III. His seminal work, particularly his "Direct and Indirect Impact" framework, provides a cornerstone for understanding why well-intentioned policies often fail to produce their intended results. implementing public policy edward iii pdf
Do not try to cover everything. Pick one policy (e.g., The Statute of Labourers ). Selection of Personnel: Governments often try to appoint