Measurand: mass flow rate determined from differential pressure across an orifice. Inputs: differential pressure, fluid density (temperature/pressure), orifice coefficient, pipe diameter, manometer calibration. For each input, obtain u(xi), compute sensitivity coefficients from the flow equation, include correlations (e.g., common temperature sensor used for density and viscosity), then combine and report U with k.

If you obtain the official ASME PTC 19.11 PDF, you will find that the document is structured around three core components: sampling, conditioning, and analysis. Here is what the standard details.

ASME PTC 19.11-2008 (R2018) defines essential standards for steam and water sampling in power cycles, emphasizing representative, isokinetic sampling to protect equipment from corrosion and scaling. It provides mandatory guidelines for sample conditioning and continuous monitoring to ensure accurate chemistry data. The official document is available through the ASME Digital Collection.

The PDF includes tables for maximum allowable cation conductivity. A 2008 PDF might allow 0.3 µS/cm, whereas the 2018 edition requires 0.1 µS/cm for high-pressure drum boilers. Using the wrong table leads to false compliance.

ASME PTC 19.11 Performance Test Code focused on Steam and Water Sampling, Conditioning, and Analysis in the Power Cycle